Bunaken National Park, Manado Tua

Bunaken is an area of 8.08 km ² island in the Bay of Manado, located in the northern island of Sulawesi, Indonesia. This island is part of the city of Manado, the provincial capital of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Bunaken Island Around Bunaken marine park there which is part of Manado Tua Marine National Park. This marine park has a marine biodiversity one of the highest in the world. Scuba diving attracts many visitors to the island. Overall Bunaken marine park covers an area of 75,265 hectares with five islands within it, namely the island of Manado Tua, Bunaken Island, Island Siladen, Mantehage Island follows several children island, and island Naen. Although covering an area 75,265 hectares, the location of dive (diving) is limited in each of the five beaches that surround the island.

Bunaken marine park has a 20 point dive (dive spot) with varying depth of up to 1344 meters. Of the 20 diving points, 12 points among them diving around Bunaken Island. Twelve point dive is the most frequently visited by divers and lovers of the beauty of the underwater scenery.

Most of the 12 point dive in the Bunaken Island line from the southeast to the northwest of the island. In this region there are great underwater walls, also called the hanging walls, or walls of a giant rock that stands vertically and curved upward. These rock walls are also a source of food for fish in the waters around Bunaken Island.

Plain Habitat

Biological potential of land in the islands TN. Bunaken is rich with flora species of palm, sago, woka, silar and coconut. Mango trees, bananas and other fruits are spread everywhere that a variety of insect food for birds and bats. The types of fauna between lainYaki (Celebes black ape) and Kuskus which is a forest dwellers on the island of Manado Tua. There are deer in the swamps of the island Mantehage out during the day and graze at dusk.

Habitat Seagrasses and Seaweeds

Seagrass beds and seaweed are the types of marine plants. Seaweeds do not like algae. Have roots and produce seeds, so it can form a wide expanse is a place where fish spawn and thrive. Seagrass beds and seaweed is widely available in TN. Bunaken especially near the Arakan Wawontulap. Seagrass and seaweed habitat is a habitat for dugongs and sea turtles species.


Mangrove Habitat

More than 1800 ha of mangrove forest area in TN. Bunaken. These mangrove forests act as filters for sediment and prevent erosion of the mainland coastline. This forest is rich with various species. Crab, shrimp, mollusks, and young fish of various kinds. Also as a place bertelurnya most species of fish. Many different types of sea and shore birds such as seagulls, storks, sea virgin, cengak information contained herein.

Sandy Beach Habitat

P. sand beach Bunaken, Manado Tua and particularly rich with life Siladen various kinds of crab, crab and shrimp.

Coral Reef Habitat

Shore coral dominated coastal waters, in addition to the barrier reef. The most interesting is a vertical cliff, menghujam below the water level up to 25-50 meters. There are 58 species of coral has identified a family of animals. Encrusted coral reef worthy build. Trunk which, although only 1 mm, issue yangmembentuk coral calcium.

Underwater cliff has many niches, crevices and fractures, a hiding place various types of marine vertebrates and invertebrates. In addition to hard corals, there are marine biologists, sea stars, teriping, etc.. There is also a type of clams (Tridacna sp.), And even giant clams (Tridakna gigas), which can reach one meter in size. This reef plateau width can reach 2.5 km. The types of fish which are common among other wrase, dansel, trigger, sweetlip, unicorns, etc.. The number of fish species more than 2000 species.

Deep Sea Habitat

One uniqueness of TN. Bunaken is the depth of the sea that separates the mainland of Sulawesi, which can reach 1000 meters. This depth becomes a kind of pressure a variety of human activities on the mainland of Sulawesi that may affect adversely the TN. Bunaken. Maybe this is what causes TN. Bunaken current intensity until the damage is still lower than many other marine parks. The types of large fish such as tuna, marlin, hammerhead sharks, rays, display, cekalang, barracuda, dolphins and even whales often pass through these waters.

Socioeconomic Potential

More than 20 000 inhabitants the population living in TN region. Bunaken. Residents in this area generally foraging at sea or farmed. Many are still using traditional nets and outrigger canoe. Some residents of Nain Island expert carpentry and making souvenirs from shells. Bajo residents spent the most time in daseng (chart), the township on the water around the island Mantehage. Residents who came mostly from mainland Sulawesi Minahasa, visible in how to use various woka tree. Another population that generally migrants from Sangir Talaud Islands.

Intercultural interaction is relatively high, visible from the use of the same dialect, and techniques common utilization of natural resources. Some accommodations made by a particular ethnic, as a result of its interaction with other groups. General land ownership is still customary rights, such as land inheritance (Pasini). The ownership of the system there is no reef flat and the shallow waters.

Existence of local communities, consisting of about seven groups of tribes, more than three generations ago, are thought to have formed a certain ecological balance.


Bunaken National Park Management

The management of TN. Bunaken is under the Law. Five years ie 1990, through the distribution of functional areas called zonation (zone). Zoning proposal in TN. Bunaken attention to the pattern of extractive use by local people, and the use of aesthetics for nature tourism (especially diving tourism)

In accordance with the valuation and fundamental criteria, Zoning TN. Bunaken consists of three main zones are the core zone, Use Zone and other zones. Core zone designated for preservation and protection of natural habitats. Use zone reserved for nature tourism destination, consists of the intensive use zone and the zone of restricted use only on the biota, habitats and ecosystems, but also a dynamic ecological processes, including human activities involving the utilization of natural resources and the living area.

The pattern and nature of the management of TN. Bunaken is supported and coordinated by the Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) Bunaken National Park Office, Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation, Ministry of Forestry. UPT Balai TN management system. Bunaken include coordination and communication and coordination and communication capabilities UPT Balai TN. Bunaken able to accommodate the participation of other agencies concerned, private NGOs, universities and the local community, to support the smooth management of TN. Bunaken. Technical capability to manage UPT Balai TN. Bunaken able to play a role as a coordinator for activities related to the potential area of TN. Bunaken. Management effort is aided by the Natural Resources Management Project (NRMP), which is the Foreign Assistance Projects of cooperation between USAID-BAPPENAS and the Ministry of Forestry. NRMP project ended in mid-1997 and then continued with the NRMP project phase-II.

Tour routes

Pathways such as diving tours diving locations include:

P. Bunaken: Lekuan 1,2,3, Fakui, Mandolin, Tg. Parigi, Ron's Point, Pangalisang, Home Village, Bunaken Timur and Sachiko Point.
P. Manado Tua: Buwalo, Pangalingan Affairs and Tg. Coffee
P. Mantehage: Bango and Tangkasi
P. Nain The stone vessels and Water Path.
P. Siladen: Siladen 1 and 2

Mainland Sulawesi: Tg. Pisok and Molas
There is also a tourist point of boating on the water with a glass base (Catamaran). Also in the mainland tourist path in the form of tracking to the top of Mount Manado Tua (± 800 m asl) and coastal tourism.

Ways to reach the location:

Accessibility TN. High Bunaken facilitate visitors to come. For locations on the island, from Manado harbor by boat motors only takes about 20 minutes to reach P. Siladen, or approximately 30 minutes to P. Bunaken, or approximately 45 minutes to P. Manado Tua, about 50 minutes to P. Mantehage and about an hour to P. Nain. For locations on the mainland from Manado city with a paved condition, about 30 minutes to Molas (mainland TN. Bunaken North) and about 1.5 hours to Teling (mainland TN. Bunaken South).

To be able to enjoy the potential of underwater diving tours can use the services that exist in the surrounding area of TN. Bunaken are:

Barracuda Dive Resort Jl. Raya Molas Dusun II, Manado
Nusantara Diving Centre, Jl. Raya Molas Dusun II, Manado
Tirta Satwa, Jl. Malalayang I Lingk. IV Manado
Sea Garden Manado Adventures, Jl. Malalayang II, Manado

Potential areas:

Within the region there is a mountain that is no longer active G. Manado Tua (400 m asl). Seabed topography in general have configurations relief / contur diverse base. Although the basic topography varies, but there is not a dangerous area.
Bunaken National Park, Manado Tua including tropical climate with rainfall ranging from 2000-3000 mm per year, air temperatures between 260-310 C. The best visiting season is the months of May till August.

National Park of Manado Tua Bunaken marine park has the world's most beautiful species diversity of rare aquatic organisms such as sea cow, dugong-dugong, dolphins and various species of ornamental fish seprti Hippocampus sp., Giant clams, hawksbill, green sea turtles. In the plateau region there is a black monkey (Macaca nigra).

Bunaken National Park ecosystem consists of a variety of habitats such as seagrass beds, sea grasses, coral reefs and mangrove forests. Coral reefs are dominated by species Pocilopora sp, sp Seriaattopora, Pachyseris sp, Porites sp, Fungia sp, sp Herpolitha, Holomitra sp, sp Galaxea, Pectinia sp, sp Lobophyllia, Echinopora Tubastrea sp and sp.